ScoopMed

1. Phase I—The first appearance of faint, repetitive, clear tapping sounds which gradually increase in intensity for at least two consecutive beats is the systolic blood pressure. 2. Phase II—A brief period may follow during which the sounds soften and acquire a swishing quality. 3. Phase III—The return of sharper sounds, which become crisper to regain, or even exceed, the intensity of phase I sounds. 4. Phase IV—The distinct abrupt muffling of sounds, which become soft and blowing in quality. 5. Phase V—The point at which all sounds finally disappear completely is the diastolic pressure.

The disorders of smell are classified as "-osmias" and of taste as "-geusias." “osmias” Anosmia – Absence of ability to detect odors Hyposmia - Decreased ability to detect odors
 Dysosmia - Distorted ability to detect odors Parosmia - Altered perception of smell in the presence of an odor, usually unpleasant and occasionally pleasant Phantosmia – Perception of smell without an odor Agnosia - Inability to classify or contrast odors, although able to detect odors "-geusias" Ageusia - Inability to taste Hypogeusia - Decreased ability to taste
 Dysgeusia – Distorted ability to taste

Rapidly synthesised in response to a stimuli  Acts quickly in the immediate environment  Degraded in a short period of time 

Heart has property of automaticity : The ability to generate impulses without external stimulation. Parasympathetic vs sympathetic So which part of the Autonomic nervous system has a predominant action on heart. Normal heart rate : 60-80 Heart rate when both parasympathetic and sympathetic supply is severed : 100 The parasympathetic tone predominates in order to keep the heart rate reduced at normal rate.

Neurotransmitters  Chemical transmitters involved in transmission of impulse from one nerve to another. In other words, it is involved in the conduction of impulse. Eg : GABA, Glycine Neuromodulators  Chemicals which by itself does not have any effect or a minimal effect but modulates the activity of other neurotransmitters or receptors. The neuromodulators can either amplify or dampen the effect of neurotransmitters. Many neurotransmitters also behave as neuromodulators at specific sites. Eg : Substance P (both neurotransmitter and neuromodulator)

Islet cell Mass Hormone Secreted Functions Alpha Cells 17% Glucagon Raises Blood sugar level Beta Cells 70% Insulin Lowers Blood sugar level Delta Cells 7% Somatostatin It inhibits release of Glucagon-Pancreas Growth hormone-hypothalamus Gastrin-GIT F Cells 5% Pancreatic polypeptide Regulates the release of pancreatic digestive enzymes and contraction of gall bladder