ScoopMed

Thyrotoxicosis is the state of thyroid hormone excess and is not synonymous with hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is the result of excessive thyroid function.  However, the major etiologies of thyrotoxicosis are hyperthyroidism caused by Graves’ disease, toxic MNG, and toxic adenomas. Thyrotoxicosis can also occur without excessive thyroid function as in subacute thyroiditis, radiation use and drugs like amoidarone.

The dose of levothyroxine in the hypothyroid patient who becomes pregnant usually needs to be increased by 30-50% in most cases. Reasons for increase in requirement Increased serum concentration of Thyroxine-Binding Globulin induced by estrogen Expression of type 3 deiodinase by the placenta Small amount of transplacental passage of levothyroxine from mother to fetus

Some cephalosporins have been associated with bleeding complications. It may be due to hypoprothrombinaemia and/or platelet dysfunction occurring with cephalosporins and cephamycins having an N-methylthiotetrazole side-chain, including • cefamandole • cefbuperazone • cefmenoxime • cefmetazole • cefonicid • cefoperazone • ceforanide • cefotetan • cefpiramide • latamoxef. The presence of a methylthiadiazolethiol side-chain in cefazolin, or an N-methylthiotriazine ring in ceftriaxone, might also be associated with such bleeding disorders. Hypoprothrombinaemia is usually reversible with vitamin K. It was previously thought to be due to an alteration in intestinal flora but interference with prothrombin synthesis now seems more likely.